If you own a Raspberry Pi or other similar hobbyist computer, you may have noticed it has a GPIO (General-Purpose Input-Output) feature. Most users will never use GPIO, but if you want to build things, GPIO is essential.
RELATED: What Is the Raspberry Pi?
GPIO Is a Set of Pins
At the most basic level, GPIO refers to a set of pins on your computer’s mainboard or add-on card. These pins can send or receive electrical signals, but they aren’t designed for any specific purpose. This is why they’re called “general-purpose” IO.
This is unlike common port standards such as USB or DVI. With those cables, each pin wired inside the connection has a designated purpose, which is determined by the governing body that created the standard.
GPIO puts you in charge of what each pin actually does. Although there are still different types of pins on the GPIO array.
Using the Raspberry Pi as the example again, you’ll find a few types of pin:
- Pins that provide power at typical voltages such as 3.3V or 5V. This is to power connected devices that don’t have their own power source, such as a simple LED.
- Ground pins that do not output power, but are necessary to complete some circuits.
- GPIO pins, which can be configured to send or receive electrical signals.
- Special purpose pins, which vary based on the specific GPIO in question.
GPIO implementations can vary in the exact details on a per-device basis, but the idea is always to allow users to receive or send an electrical signal to almost anything.
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